What is the difference between AC and DC current?
Friends, in this post we will learn about AC and DC current and also know what is the difference between AC and DC current. Let's start friends :-
Electricity has become an important part of our life. With the help of Power, we can use our home appliances (equipment) very easily and in a short time, as well as we can easily use the largest machines with the help of Power in the Engineering field.
Current is of two types -
1. Alternating current / AC
2. Direct current / DC
Friends, here I am going to tell you the difference between AC and DC current, which is very important for the students of Class 10th and also important for the students of Engineering.
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What is Alternating current ?
The current which changes its directions periodically, such of current is called Alternating current. Their magnitude and polarity also change with the time. In such types of current, the free electrons (electric charge) moves in the forward as well as backward direction. Therefore, this type of current is called Alternating current.
The frequency (number of cycles completed in one second) of alternating current is 50 to 60 hertz (depends on the country). Alternating current easily converts from High Voltage to Low Voltage and vice-versa with the help of Transformer. In this way, it is mainly used for Transmission and Distribution.
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| Alternating Current |
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| AC sine wave |
What is Direct current ?
When the electric charge inside the conductor flows in one direction, then such type of current is called direct current. The magnitude of the direct current always remains constant and the frequency of the current is zero. It is widely used in cell phones, electric vehicles, welding, electronic equipment etc.
Only DC supply can be used to charge any type of battery as AC current cannot be stored and DC current can be stored in Batteries.
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| Direct Current |
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| DC Current wave |
Difference between AC & DC
1. The current that changes its direction at regular intervals of time is called alternating current while direct current is unidirectional or flows in one direction only.
2. The frequency of alternating current is 50 to 60 Hz, which depends on the country standard, while the frequency of direct current current is always zero.
3. The power factor of AC varies from 0 to 1 while in DC is always one.
4. The AC current is generated by the Alternator while DC current is generated by Photovoltaic cells, generators and batteries etc.
5. The AC load can be capacitive, inductive or resistive while the load on DC is always resistive.
6. The AC can be converted into DC using a device named rectifier while DC can be converted into AC using a device named inverter.
7. AC current graph can be sinusoidal wave, square wave or triangular wave while DC current graph has a constant line showing magnitude and direction is constant.
8. AC can be produced up to 33,000 volts while DC can only be produced up to 650 volt.
9. Some substations are required for generation and transmission of alternating current. Transmission of direct power requires additional substations.
10. The alternating current is used for industries, factories, and household purposes. Direct current is mainly used for electronic equipment, flash lighting, hybrid vehicles, electroplating, electrolysis, field winding of the rotor etc.
11. The alternating current transmits over long distances with few losses, while the direct current transmits over very long distances with negligible losses using HVDC.
These were some of the main differences of AC vs DC that you read here.
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